Readiness and foresighting of higher learning institutions for large language model in Zanzibar: A student perspective

Abstract

Generative Artificial intelligence systems, including large language models, are transforming higher education by providing real-time academic support, facilitating student engagement, and enabling personalized learning. As these technologies expand globally, understanding the preparedness of Zanzibar’s higher education institutions to adopt them is essential. This study explores students’ perspectives on institutional preparedness to integrate large language models into teaching, learning, and academic support systems. A qualitative design was employed, combining online surveys with roundtable discussions to assess students’ access to technology, awareness of Generative AI, and their perceptions of its impact on educational settings. The findings show that 97.7% of students have access to essential technologies such as smartphones and internet connectivity, despite instability on some campuses. A significant majority of students demonstrate familiarity with Generative AI, and approximately 83% use it comfortably. Students perceive AI as beneficial for self-directed learning, academic performance, and career development. However, they also raised concerns about the accuracy of AI-generated content, the risk of plagiarism, and a potential decline in critical thinking. Institutional readiness varies widely: while students exhibit high awareness, institutions face challenges related to insufficient training, the absence of guidelines, and a lack of comprehensive ethical frameworks. The study underscores the need for a balanced, student-centered, and collaborative approach to integrating Generative AI in higher education. Greater investment in digital infrastructure, capacity building, the development of ethical guidelines, and active student involvement in AI policy formulation is foreseen as a responsible approach to effective, scalable adoption of Generative AI across academic institutions in Zanzibar.